<p>Sudley is a historic home at Deale, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It is a -story frame house with shorter perpendicular wings added. It is a grand hall-chamber house of the 1720–1730 period and retains a great deal of early finish. The house is typical of the Medieval Transitional style of architecture, and has undergone three significant renovations, one in the third quarter of the 18th century of Georgian-style, one about 1800, and finally a restoration in 1945.</p><br>
<p>The house is associated with Kensey Johns, Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court, chancellor of Delaware, and a delegate to the Delaware Constitutional Convention from New Castle County, Delaware; John Johns, Bishop of Virginia and President of The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia; the ancestors of Johns Hopkins, the Baltimore benefactor; and families associated generally with the county&#39;s Quaker heritage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Portland Manor is a historic home at Lothian, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. It is a 2-story, center-passage plan, frame building. The main block was constructed in 1754, with the two wings added and enlarged about 1852. Also on the property are the remains of a large circular ice house and several frame outbuildings. Portland Manor was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Portland Manor timber frame manor house is sited on a fenced 3.8-acre portion of an original 2000-acre parcel granted to Jerome White Esq, Surveyor-General of Maryland, by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore in 1667. The original grant was for 2,000 acres, but White returned to England in 1670. In 1699 1,090 acres of the property were granted to Colonel Henry Darnall, agent for Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore. When Henry Darnall died in 1711, the property passed to his grandson Henry Darnall (c. 1700–1782), and then to his son Richard Darnall, who died in 1808. In 1804 Henry Bennett Darnall was born at Portland Manor.</p><br>
<p>On 1 September 1825 the house and land was listed for sale in the Maryland Gazette, described as "the residence of the late Bennet Darnall Esq Deceased... 590 acres of valuable fertile land, in an excellent state of cultivation, and well adapted to the growth of wheat, corn and tobacco". The main "dwelling house" was described as being "in tolerable good order".</p><br>
<p>The bulk of the property remained in the hands of Darnall family until 1828, when 340 acres of land was purchased by Richard Estep.</p><br>
<p>On November 26, 1860, Louisa Ann Darnall, daughter of the wealthy planter Henry Bennett Darnall, married George Biscoe Steuart, member of the Steuart family at Portland Manor.</p><br>
<p>Although subdivided numerous times since then, the 3.8-acre remnant remains surrounded on three sides by unspoiled farmland and has been carefully maintained and restored over a fifteen-year period, beginning in 1997, by an owner/architect. In 1997, a dendrochronology study concluded that the original construction of Portland Manor occurred in 1754.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, Portland Manor was recipient of the Anne Arundel County Orlando Ridout Prize for historic preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Portland Manor today</h2><br>
<p>Today, living spaces on the first floor include a 19 × 22 living room, a 14 × 19 dining room, a sitting room, an office/library, a powder room, and a large country kitchen. The second floor, accessed by the original central staircase and two secondary stairs, includes four large bedrooms, three full baths and a laundry/storage room (equipped with a front-loading washer and dryer and an upright freezer). A large L-shaped porch off the kitchen on the east side overlooks a fence-enclosed perennial and herb garden and pond; a screened porch on the west side is oriented to views of rolling farmland and dramatic sunsets. There is a partial basement measuring approximately 19 × 22.</p><br>
<p>The grounds include a variety of mature trees, a boxwood garden and two outbuildings; a 10 × 20 smokehouse, currently used as a garden shop, and a 20 × 30 barn that has been completely restored for use as a workshop/pottery studio and for yard equipment storage. Future archeological investigations may confirm suspected locations for an icehouse and various outbuildings and may add to the various artifacts found by the current owners that are included in a historic display at the second floor hallway.</p><br>
<p>Richland is a historic home at Harwood, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It is a -story, frame, hip-roofed dwelling of approximately 3,000 ft&sup2;. It was constructed for gentleman farmer Robert Murray Cheston  and his wife, the former Mary Murray . It is the only known late-19th-century rural Anne Arundel County dwelling definitively associated with a specific architectural firm. The plans were prepared by the Roanoke, Virginia based architectural firm of Noland and de Saussure, founded by William C. Noland. The home reflects both the Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styles. The house on the 332 acre Richland farm was built in 1893. In the 1950s, the Cheston family subdivided the property and sold the house with approximately 58 acres to the Talliaferro family, and sold the remaining acreage to the Catterton family. The Talliaferro family named their new parcel "Thanksgiving Farm". In 1996, the Heimbuch family purchased Thanksgiving Farm from the Talliaferro family, began planting vineyards1998, completed a restoration of the house in 2004, and opened a winery on the property in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Rosehill is a historic home and property at Gambrills, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. The property consists of 17 acre of partially wooded and cleared land on which are located a dwelling and six outbuildings. The dwelling displays a complex construction evolution originating from a mid-18th-century frame, -story double-pile plan house with an unusual short side passage. This is believed to be the first documented example of this form in the Chesapeake Bay region. The six outbuildings include an early-19th-century frame corn house, a documented 1821 frame tobacco barn, a log outbuilding, a late-19th-century stable, and a late-19th- or early-20th-century pumphouse. The Hopkins family owned the property for 173 years, from 1799 until 1972.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Marys Mount is a historic home at Harwood, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The earliest portion of Marys Mount was built in 1771 for Col. Richard Harwood as a -story gambrel roof structure. The Bird family was to take possession of this property from 1820 to 1965. Jacob Wheeler Bird enlarged the house to its present two-story height in the early 19th century. The enlargements included two northern additions, each section of which is lower than its neighbor to the south, creating a "telescope" effect.</p><br>
<p>Mary&#39;s Mount was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>Fort Sinquefield is the historic site of a wooden stockade fortification in Clarke County, Alabama, United States, near the modern town of Grove Hill. It was built by early Clarke County pioneers as protection during the Creek War and was attacked in 1813 by Creek warriors.</p><br>
<p>A marker was erected at the site by Clarke County school children in 1931 and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At the time of the Creek War, originally a civil war within the Creek nation, Clarke was a newly formed county in the Mississippi Territory. The Creek were divided between traditionalists in the Upper Towns and those who had adopted more European-American customs in the Lower Towns. Chiefs of the towns disagreed about the uses of communal land and other issues. The first hostilities of the war that involved Americans occurred nearby during the Battle of Burnt Corn, where white militia attacked the Red Sticks on July 27, 1813.</p><br>
<p>The next month, the Red Sticks on August 30, 1813 attacked Fort Mims, garrisoned by the Tensaw Creek. The Red Sticks believed the Tensaw had left behind core Creek values. They killed most of the several hundred people assembled inside Fort Mims, who included Lower Town Creek, intermarried whites and slaves, and other settlers, in an event that became known as the Fort Mims massacre.</p><br>
<p>Fort Sinquefield was used as a refuge by several pioneer families and friendly Lower Creek after the attack on Fort Mims. On September 1, 1813, Red Stick warriors led by Josiah Francis (Hillis Hadjo), a.k.a. Francis the Prophet, attacked the Ransom Kimbell and Abner James families, who had left the crowded fort for Kimbell&#39;s cabin nearby. Most of the men escaped back to the fort, but twelve women and children were killed and scalped in what became known as the Kimbell-James Massacre. The bodies were retrieved for burial outside the fort the next day.</p><br>
<p>The Red Sticks attacked a second time that day, catching several woman who were washing clothes at a spring away from the fort. They attempted to cut the women off from the fort, but were thwarted by settlers who released their 60 dogs from the fort.</p><br>
<p>The Dickinson House is a historic house in Grove Hill, Alabama, United States. The two-story Italianate style house was built in 1845. It was designed by James Newman. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on January 1, 1978, and to the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1978. The house was listed due to its architectural significance as an early example of Italianate architecture.</p><br>
<p>Gresham is a historic home near Edgewater, Maryland. It is a large -story frame dwelling built in the late 1700s.</p><br>
<p>John Gresham II lived at Gresham after 1686 on land owned by land-grant pioneer Captain Edward Selby.</p><br>
<p>After the Selby heirs suffered financial setbacks, the plantation was owned briefly by the pirate William Cotter and then by assorted members of Colonel Nicholas Gassaways family (his daughter Jane having married Cotter), including the sons of Captain John Gassaway, Lord High Sheriff of Annapolis. The Gresham family continued to own the house on rented Gassaway land then known as Cotters Desire. Gresham is most associated with Commodore Isaac Mayo, who received it from his uncle who had purchased the property and house from the Cotter/Gassaway heirs around 1765. He occupied the property beginning in the early 19th century until his controversial death there in 1861 at the dawn of the Civil war he openly opposed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Holly Hill, also known as Hollands Hills or Rose Valley, is a historic house at Friendship, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. It was initially named as Hollands Hills for Francis Holland, who bought the land in 1665. Richard Harrison, a Quaker planter and shipowner, bought the land and built a home on it. Harrison owned about 6,000 acres total.</p><br>
<p>It was originally a primitive, two-room, -story frame dwelling constructed in the fall or winter of 1698. An addition was made in 1713, and, the entire structure was encased in brick and another addition was constructed. The house is an example of Medieval Transitional architecture built in Maryland during the mid-seventeenth century. It was a quarter plantation of Richard Harrison, who likely built the original structure for his son, Samuel Harrison (1679–1733).</p><br>
<p>The inventory of Samuel Harrison&#39;s estate (1733) lists thirteen rooms, including a kitchen as well as a library of 195 books.</p><br>
<p>Harrisons "store" or storeroom contained abundant supplies of everything from coopers tools to tobacco boxes to India silk. Interesting features of the house include original brick vaulting in the cellar, fine paneling and moldings, ancient glass panes, batten doors with original hardware, a wall of rare marbleized paneling; and three eighteenth-century paintings on wood. In 1825, the will of Benjamin Harrison bequeathed half of the household furniture and three African-American slaves to his daughter Ann Tongue.</p><br>
<p>Ownership of Holly Hill continued in the Harrison family until 1850; then, after a brief period, it was owned by the Scrivener family until Captain and Mrs. Hugh P. LeClair purchased it in the late 1930s. The LeClair family completed an extensive restoration of the house and added a kitchen wing and a detached garage in faithful Tidewater style.</p><br>
<p>In 1968, Holly Hill was purchased by attorney Brice McAdoo Clagett (1933–2008) and his wife Virginia Parker Clagett. Brice was a descendant of the original builder, Richard Harrison. Clagett and his wife added extensive ornamental plantings and gardens to the grounds near the house.</p><br>
<p>Holly Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. Holly Hill is protected by conservation easements that are held by Maryland Environmental Trust and Maryland Historical Trust. It comprises 585.6 acre.</p><br>
<p>Hancocks Resolution is a historic two-storey gambrel-roofed stone farm house with shed-roofed dormers and interior end chimneys located on a 15-acre  farm at 2795 Bayside Beach Road in Pasadena, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. In 1785 Stephen Hancock Jr. built the original stone section as the main house for what was then a 410-acre  farm. Additions to the house were built in 1855 and in about 1900. Stone and frame outbuildings remain, including a one-storey gable-roofed stone dairy. Hancocks Resolution remained in Hancock family ownership until the deaths in the 1960s of Mary Hancock and her brother, Henry Hancock, who left the property to Anne Arundel County to be preserved. Hancock&#39;s Resolution underwent a thorough restoration in 2000 and is now open to the public as a house museum.</p><br>
<p>On October 10, 1975, Hancock&#39;s Resolution was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Included in the designation were the additions, outbuildings and the Hancock family graveyard.</p><br>
<p>The Douglass Summer House is a historic home at Highland Beach, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. It was built in 1894–95, is one of the first built in the small community of Highland Beach and is the oldest structure remaining at that place. The house was built in 1894-95 by Major Charles Douglass, son of Frederick Douglass . It is a -story Queen Anne style frame dwelling with a one-story wraparound porch and a corner tower. A meticulous renovation in 1987 by architect Charles Bohl maintained a majority of the original interior and exterior fabric of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Douglass Summer House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The John A. Coate House is a historic house located in Grove Hill, Alabama, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The one-story, spraddle-roof house was built in 1855. It was listed as a landmark due to its architectural significance as a part of the Clarke County Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Stonebraker and Harbaugh–Shafer Building in Middletown, Maryland was built circa 1830 with a residential section to the east and a commercial section to the west. The Federal style building incorporates Greek Revival detailing in the interior.</p><br>
<p>The Stonebraker and Harbaugh–Shafer Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. It is included in the Middletown Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Old North Cemetery is a historic cemetery on North State Street in Concord, New Hampshire. Established in 1730, it is the city&#39;s oldest cemetery. Franklin Pierce, fourteenth president of the United States, is buried in the cemetery, as are his wife Jane and two of his three sons. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 2008. The cemetery continues to accept new burials.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old North Cemetery is located north of modern downtown Concord, and a short way west of Concord&#39;s historic early town center. It is a roughly L-shaped property, about 6 acre in size, bounded on the east by North State Street and the west by Bradley Street. Iron fencing lines both of these street-facing boundaries, with a gate flanked by stone piers on North State Street serving as the main pedestrian access point. Vehicular access is through an entrance at the northern end of the North State Street frontage, from which a paved lane extends straight westward to a secondary gate at Bradley Street.</p><br>
<p>Concord was chartered in 1725, and settlement began soon afterward. The eastern portion of the cemetery was laid out in 1730, and its oldest dated burial occurred in 1736. Significant enlargements took place with the Minot Enclosure (1860), and the combining with an adjacent Quaker cemetery in the early 20th century. The single most notable burial is that of President Franklin Pierce; other notable burials include Governors David L. Morril and Matthew Harvey, as well as Lewis Downing, founder of the Abbot-Downing Company and creator of the Concord coach.</p><br>
<p>First Houses is a public housing project in the East Village, Manhattan, New York City and was one of the first public housing projects in the United States. First Houses were designated a New York City Landmark and National Historic Landmark in 1974. They are managed by the New York City Housing Authority.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The project consists of 122 three-room or four-room apartments in 8 four-story or five-story buildings, and is located on the south side of East 3rd Street between First Avenue and Avenue A, and on the west side of Avenue A between East 2nd and 3rd streets in Alphabet City and East Village.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First Houses take their name from their distinction of being one of the first public housing units constructed in the United States, which completed it in 1936.</p><br>
<p>The project was planned as a gut rehabilitation, with one of three tenements torn down to provide extra light and air, The project reused bricks and employed dozens of workers on relief paid for by the federal government. Ackerman designed the apartment buildings with rear entrances and courtyards to allow more light and air than existing tenements. The cobbled open areas behind the buildings provided playgrounds, trees, benches and sculptures for the tenants.</p><br>
<p>Although First Houses cost far more than anticipated, Housing Authority chairman Langdon Post said it was worth it. "In the first place... it has taken the question of public housing out of the realm of debate and into the realm of fact. Second, it has established the Authority as an agency for the issuance of slum clearance bonds. Both Vincent Astor and Bernard M. Baruch accepted the Authority’s bonds to cover payments for the land &ndash; the first such bonds ever issued. In the third place, it provided an opportunity to test the Authority’s power to condemn land for slum clearance &ndash; a test which we won. Fourth, in Mayor La Guardia’s words, it provided us with Boondoggling Exhibit A."</p><br>
<p>The test which the Housing Authority won was the right to exercise the powerful tool of eminent domain. The owner of two tenements on East 3rd Street contended that seizing his property, even with compensation, contravened the constitutions of the United States and New York State. The New York State Court of Appeals, the highest court in the state, ruled that the Housing Authority could seize private property: "Whenever there arises, in the state, a condition of affairs holding a substantial menace to the public health, safety or general welfare, it becomes the duty of the government to apply whatever power is necessary and appropriate to check it."</p><br>
<p>The Academy of Music is a historic theatre building located in Lynchburg, Virginia. The three-story theater was built 1904–05 in the Beaux Arts style with a Neoclassical interior. It was designed by Frye & Chesterman. It is one of the only surviving legitimate theaters of the turn-of-the-century period in Virginia. Some of the more notable European and American names to appear on its stage included Ignace Paderewski, Anna Pavlova, Sarah Bernhardt, Alma Gluck, DeWolf Hopper, Otis Skinner, John Drew and Mrs. Patrick Campbell. In 2008, the Lynchburg Academy of Fine Arts received a $245,000 earmark from Representative Bob Goodlatte from the Community Development Fund of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, for renovations to the building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Bragassa Toy Store is a historic commercial building located in Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. In 1871, Francisco Bragassa purchased the property and in 1875 to 1876, he built the confectionery and toy store in Italianate style. The Bragassa store was at the center of a new, expanding commercial section of town during the Reconstruction period. It is the only surviving building within a four-block area that represents this commercial expansion. The building contains comfortable living quarters upstairs, with the merchandise on the ground floor. At the front of the shop were the first plate glass windows ever installed in Lynchburg. The store remained in the Bragassa family until 1987. In January 1988 the Lynchburg Historical Foundation purchased the building from the Bragassa family. In November 2008, the building was occupied by Kid&#39;s Haven: A Center for Grieving Children.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Allied Arts Building is a historic high-rise building located at 725 Church Street in Lynchburg, Virginia. It is currently being remodeled for apartments.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the building began in 1929 and was completed in 1931, and it was designed by Stanhope S. Johnson and Addison Staples. The 17-story, 40 ft by 132 ft building was the tallest building in Lynchburg until completion of the Bank of the James Building in 1972. It is steel framed and faced in yellow brick and greenstone in Art Deco style. Its outer shape and design is very similar to that of the Central National Bank in Richmond, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is located in the Court House Hill-Downtown Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Van Wagenen House, also known as Apple Tree House, is located near Bergen Square in Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 16, 2006. It is home to the Museum of Jersey City History.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1740. An addition was added in the 1820s. The house may have been the site of a meeting between George Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette in 1779.Harriet Phillips Eaton, Jersey City And Its Historic Sites, 1899:</p><br>
<p>On August 24th, 1779, General Lafayette and his troops marched on a foraging expedition from near Fort Lee to Bergen. On the morning of the 25th they arrived at the brow of the Hill and encamped about the large, old tulip tree, known as "oude Boom" to the early settlers and as the "King of the Woods" to those of later date. The locality is now known as Waldo avenue, between Henry street and Magnolia avenue. The tree was cut down December 20th, 1871 Lafayettes headquarters were at the Van Wagenen place on the northwest corner of Academy street and Bergen square. Mr. Taylor states, "in the orchard on the old parsonage site on northwest side of Square," where he entertained at dinner General Washington who came over from Hackensack. The dinner was cooked in the Van Wagenen weave-house and eaten under an apple tree. This tree was blown down in a gale on September 3d, 1821, and from a portion of it was made a very handsome cane, gold mounted and with this inscription, "Shaded the hero and his friend Washington in 1779; presented by the Corporation of Bergen in 1824." When Lafayette visited America in 1824, when he was on his way from Jersey City to Newark, there was a gathering of all the people of this vicinity to meet him at Rikers Tavern, Five Corners, which is still standing on the southwest corner of Newark and Summit avenues. Upon this occasion Domine Cornelison presented him with the cane, making a very appropriate address. The name Apple Tree House is given to the home because of a former apple orchard and cider press that were located on the property. The house was purchased by the Quinn family and used as a funeral parlor for a number of years.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, the house was on Preservation New Jersey&#39;s 10 Most Endangered Historic Sites list. The city of Jersey City purchased the building in 1999 for $450,000 and has been working to improve the condition of the building. The New Jersey Historic Trust gave Jersey City a grant in 2006 for interior restoration and accessibility improvements. Jersey City plans to use the house as a museum. Interior renovations were completed in 2014.</p><br>
<p>An annual wreath-laying ceremony occurs at the house every President&#39;s Day that is hosted by the George Washington Society.</p><br>
<p>In 2021, the city announced its intentions to create a historical museum at the building. The Museum of Jersey City History opened in December 2023.</p><br>
<p>The Old Bergen Church is a historic church congregation in Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Established in 1660 in what was then the Dutch colony of New Netherland, it is the oldest continuous religious congregation in what is today the State of New Jersey. The congregation is jointly affiliated with the Reformed Church in America and the Presbyterian Church .</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 14, 1973. The original church building was constructed in 1680 and the current edifice was built in 1841.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was formed in the Dutch colonial village of Bergen in 1660, located across the Hudson River from the town of New Amsterdam in what is today Lower Manhattan. The first services were held in a log schoolhouse. In 1680 an octagonal, sandstone church was built by William Day. The church was located on Vroom Street, between Bergen and Tuers Avenues. The congregation outgrew the original church and a second church was erected in 1773. This church was also made of sandstone and was located at the corner of Bergen Avenue and Vroom Street. The third and current church was built in 1841 by William H. Kirk and Company and Clark and Van Nest.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>The Old Bergen Church Cemetery and the Speer Cemetery are affiliated with the church.</p><br>
<p>Jane Tuers (1745–1834) – American Revolutionary War patriot.</p><br>
<p>The Frederick Armory is one of a series of similar armories built for the Maryland National Guard in the early 20th century. The building explicitly copies features of medieval fortifications, with crenelated blocks at either end of a buttressed drill hall.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The armory is now a city recreation center.</p><br>
<p>The Grace Church Van Vorst, is located in Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 1, 1979. The church was built in 1853 and was named after the former Van Vorst Township. The church is an English Gothic-style Episcopal church which was designed by Detlef Lienau. The building is constructed with brownstone and has a slate roof. The church was expanded in 1864 with the addition of two bays to the west and a baptistry added midway on the south side of the building. The 57-foot high square tower was added in 1912. Adjacent to the church is a rectory that was also designed by Lienau in a similar style to the church.</p><br>
<p>The John C. Motter House is a Queen Anne style house built circa 1880, located in Frederick, Maryland. The 3½ story house features beveled corners with brick corbels. The house was built in what was then a rural area beyond the north end of Frederick. The house is associated with Judge John C. Motter of the Maryland Sixth Judicial Circuit Court, who resided there from the 1880s to 1914.</p><br>
<p>The house is used as offices.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. William Barrow Mansion is located at 83 Wayne Street between Barrow Street and Jersey Avenue in Downtown Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1977, and is located within the Van Vorst Park Historic District, which itself was dedicated on March 5, 1980, and is roughly bounded by Railroad Avenue, and Henderson, Grand, Bright, and Monmouth Streets.</p><br>
<p>The house was one of two similar homes constructed by Cornelius Van Vorst, a founder of the Township of Van Vorst and mayor of Jersey City from 1860 to 1862. The Van Vorsts were a prominent family who trace their North American roots to the third superintendent of the patroonship Pavonia, whose bowery was located at nearby Harsimus. The family lends its name to the nearby Van Vorst Park which was part of the township. Cornelius Van Vorst&#39;s sister Eliza was married to Dr. William Barrow.</p><br>
<p>Built between 1835–1837 and also known as the Ionic House, the wooden Greek Revival structure has five Ionic columns around a two-story portico. The columns divide the building into four equal bays, effecting an offset center hall. As the columns are evenly spaced, the front door is not in the center, but set off to the right. The interior, of late Federal/early Greek Revival style with some Victorian décor, features a ballroom, carved Italian marble fireplaces and twelve-foot ceilings.</p><br>
<p>The mansion stood alongside the Van Vorst Mansion, separated only by a lawn, and near the Van Vorst family farmhouse. In 1874 Van Vorst sold his home to Dr. Benjamin Edge and it was later demolished in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The YMCA bought the Barrow Mansion in the 1890s, adding a rifle range and gymnasium. St. Matthews Evangelical Lutheran Church purchased the residence in 1897 and used it as a parish house. The pistol range was converted to a two-lane bowling alley in the basement. The following year, St. Matthews Church was built on the lawn between the Barrow and Van Vorst mansions. The church flourished until the 1920s and the former mansion and parish house became a lively and popular social center.</p><br>
<p>As the neighborhood changed in the post-war era, the mansion fell into disrepair. In 1984 the Barrow Mansion Development Corporation (BMDC) was founded to renovate the mansion and operate it as a center for community service. The BMDCs board is composed of members from St. Matthews Lutheran Church and the wider community. The BMDC leases the mansion from church, and received grants in 1992 and 1995 from the New Jersey Historic Trust and other grantors for building restoration. The mansion currently provides office space to small businesses and non-profits, is home to the Attic Ensemble theater company and Jersey City Childrens Theater, and hosts Hudson Countys largest number of twelve-step groups and other community meetings (over 1100 in 2010).</p><br>
<p>Burgdorf is an unincorporated community in the western United States, located in Idaho County, Idaho, approximately 30 mi north-northeast of McCall, at an elevation of 6,115 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally a sacred site for Native Americans, its hot springs were discovered by unknown Chinese miners, and settled by young German immigrant Fred C. Burgdorf in the late 1860s. Burgdorf had mined in nearby Warren to the east and turned the area at the hot springs into a resort by 1870.</p><br>
<p>Following a new mining rush in 1898 at Thunder Gulch, the resort was refurbished and expanded in 1902 by Burgdorf and his new young wife, a singer from Denver named Janette Foronsard. Originally known as "Resort," it became "Burgdorf" at this time, but the former name continued in usage for several years. Following Janettes death in 1923, Burgdorf sold his interest and moved to Weiser. Burgdorfs population in 1925 was 13.</p><br>
<p>Much of the community has now been deserted, although reconstruction has been attempted. The community possessed a post office as late as 1945, although it has since been closed.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, the community was added as a historic district to the National Register of Historic Places. A new county road section through the hot springs property was constructed in the early 1980s.</p><br>
<p>Basketball coach George Karl was once part owner of Burgdorf.</p><br>
<p>The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Powerhouse, also known as the Jersey City Powerhouse in Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, was built in 1908. The powerhouse made possible the subway system between New Jersey and New York for the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad . It was built under the leadership of William Gibbs McAdoo, president of the railroad. The powerhouse was closed in 1929 and used as a storage place for railroad equipment. In the 1990s, the building was cited by Preservation New Jersey as one of the state&#39;s ten most endangered historic sites. The powerhouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 23, 2001, for its significance in architecture, engineering, and transportation.</p><br>
<p>It is located near the Harborside Financial Center and Harsimus Cove on the Hudson River waterfront in an area undergoing much redevelopment. Efforts to stabilize the powerhouse from further deterioration began in July 2009 and continued through 2010. In 2011, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey agreed to transfer its 55% ownership of the building to its co-owner, Jersey City, in exchange for a nearby lot where they would build an underground electric sub-station. It was determined that the iconic smokestacks could not be saved, leading to their removal.</p><br>
<p>John Hand Building is a mixed-use high rise building in Birmingham, Alabama, USA, with a height of 287 ft. It was the tallest building in the city until surpassed by the City Federal Building in 1913. It comprises 20 floors and was completed in 1912. The lower eight floors are for commercial use and the upper twelve floors are for residential use. In 1983, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>From the time of its construction and up until the mid-1990s, the building had been owned and occupied by AmSouth Bancorporation and its predecessors. After AmSouth relocated employees to its other downtown offices and its Riverchase Campus, the building was sold to a group of developers. In 2000, it was renovated at a cost of $20 million. It served as the corporate headquarters of Cadence Bank and its predecessor bank until 2013 when it relocated to the Concord Center. The building now has since served as the corporate headquarters for Shipt, which had its logo on the south-side of the building until 2022, when it was replaced by the logo for Shipt&#39;s sister company, Landing.</p><br>
<p>The Aviary is a historic aviary building located in Miller Park at Lynchburg, Virginia. It is a Queen Anne-style structure erected in 1902. The multi-sided exhibition house was designed by the local architectural firm of Frye & Chesterman. The building was a gift to the city of Lynchburg from Randolph Guggenheimer of New York City. When completed, the Aviary housed, "Seven cages containing monkeys, one with at least a half dozen healthy alligators, one with cockatoos, one with Australian doves, one with parrots and one with canaries." It later became a branch library and an office structure for the city Department of Parks and Recreation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Jones Memorial Library is a specialized genealogy and history research library located at 2311 Memorial Avenue in Lynchburg, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The original historic library building is located at 434 Rivermont Avenue in Lynchburg, Virginia. It was designed by the local architectural firm of Frye & Chesterman and was erected in 1906–07 in the Neoclassical style. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The library was founded by Mary Frances Watts Jones in memory of her husband George Morgan Jones; it opened in June 1908 as the second oldest public library in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The library had been the dream of George Morgan Jones, philanthropist and industrialist of Lynchburg, but he died before it could be built. As a memorial to her husband, Mary Frances Watts Jones financed the construction and equipping of the library. The deed to establish the library was the direct result of a settlement disputing the terms of George Jones will, after a lengthy trial ended with a hung jury. In exchange for legal recognition of the couples adopted daughter, Mary Watts Jones entered into agreement to J. Gordon Payne, Walker Pettyjohn, O. B. Barker. and W. B. Hatcher to donate $50,000 for the purpose of establishing an Association for "The said Library shall be called The George M. Jones Memorial Library, and shall be for the free use of the white people of this community without respect to religious or sectarian distinctions, but subject to such reasonable restrictions and limitations as the governing body of the Association shall prescribe."</p><br>
<p>During the Jim Crow era, Jones Memorial Library operated segregated public library services. In 1924, under the leadership of Jane Maud Campbell, the library opened the Dunbar Branch at the former Paul Laurence Dunbar High School. The Dunbar Branch served black residents in the city; Anne Spencer was the branch&#39;s first permanent librarian.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, the Lynchburg Public Library opened as the first taxpayer funded, racially integrated public library in the city. Jones Memorial Library then donated its fiction collection to the Lynchburg Public Library and the Lynchburg City Schools, becoming an integrated specialized research library.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, Jones Memorial Library sold the Rivermont Avenue property and moved its services to 2311 Memorial Avenue in a shared building with the Lynchburg Public Library.</p><br>
<p>The Jones Memorial Library collection in genealogy and central Virginia is one of the largest in the state. Although the library&#39;s primary focus is on the central Virginia area, collections include a wide variety of materials covering the State of Virginia as well as the surrounding states, including county histories and court records, family histories and genealogies, general works on the Civil War, county land tax and personal property tax records, and census records.</p><br>
<p>The library is located at 2311 Memorial Avenue on the second floor above the Lynchburg Public Library&#39;s main branch. The library is open Tuesday-Saturday for genealogical and archival research.</p><br>
<p>The J. W. Wood Building is a historic commercial building located at Lynchburg, Virginia. The 29,000 ft&sup2; commercial building in a modified Greek Revival-style. It was built between 1851 and 1853 as a warehouse. It is the largest and best preserved of the few pre-Civil War commercial structures remaining in Lynchburg.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Western Hotel, or Joseph Nichols Tavern, is a historic building located at Lynchburg, Virginia. It is the last of the citys many ante-bellum taverns and ordinaries, and is an important example of early Federal-style commercial architecture. It stands at what was for many years the western entrance to the city. It is known to have been operated as a tavern as early as 1815 by Joseph Nichols.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is located in the Fifth Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Kentucky Hotel is a historic hotel building located at Lynchburg, Virginia. It is one of Lynchburg&#39;s three remaining early 19th century ordinaries. It was probably built before 1800, and is a -story structure of brick laid in Flemish bond. In about 1814, two side bays were completed, converting the house to a center hall plan.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. and is located in the Fifth Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Pyramid Motors is a historic automobile showroom building located at Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. It is a one-story building with a yellow brick façade with contrasting red-brick details constructed in 1937. The building presented, like the Lincoln-Zephyr that the dealership sold, a streamlined, "modern" appearance in the Art Deco style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. It is located in the Fifth Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Centerview is a historic home located at Lynchburg, Virginia. It is a two-story brick house completed in 1871 in the Greek Revival style. The dependency, which is similar in construction and detail to the main house but which may date to 1861, is a one-stay gabled brick building and originally served as a summer kitchen and cook&#39;s dwelling among other functions. The house and dependency were rehabilitated in 1999–2000 as law offices. Robert Withers Morgan and his family were long resident in the house; one of his six children was the painter Georgia Weston Morgan, who resided there until 1923.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Locust Grove is a historic home located on a 32 acre tract. at Lynchburg, Virginia. It is a five-bay, double-pile, central-passage-plan. -story, timberframe, four end chimney Federal-style house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Cobbs (who had represented nearby Amelia County in the House of Burgesses in 1747) in 1758 willed his 1,000 acre acre estate to his brothers Edmund and John. (John P. Cobbs and later John C. Cobbs would represent Nelson County in the Virginia House of Delegates, the latter possibly the son of Edmund Cobbs Jr. below). Edmund Cobbs in 1760 erected a house on the Bedford County property, and when he died in 1798, his widow received 260 acre acres and six sons shared about 960 acre acres. Tilghman Cobbs would first represent Bedford County in the state legislature in 1829 and again in 1839–1840.</p><br>
<p>Edmund Cobbs, Jr. had acquired about 294 acre acres on Cheese Creek, about 5 miles from his fathers land, and began the current house in 1810, before acquiring the 260 acre dower land in an auction after his mothers death in 1814. He enlarged the house significantly between 1825 and 1830 to its present central-passage plan, but used the adjoining land as collateral. He died there in 1856, after selling off much of the land in pieces, several about 1830 and deeding 260 acres in 1843 to his son John C. Cobbs. His declining land and slave ownership may reflect declining soil fertility due to common practices in growing tobacco, as well as his personal moral values. In 1820, the year his daughter Lucy married her cousin Rev. Nicholas Hamner Cobbs, Edmund Cobbs owned 25 enslaved people (including 11 children); he owned 12 slaves in 1830, seven enslaved people in 1840 and nine (including four small children) in 1850. His son and heir John Cabell Cobbs would own 7 slaves (four of them children) in 1860. Rev. Nicholas Hamner Cobbs taught school at the New London Academy in Bedford County for several years as well as became an Episcopal priest in 1825 and received 38 acres from his father in law in 1828. He founded several Episcopal congregations in Bedford County and nearby areas before accepting a position in Petersburg, and then became bishop of Alabama in 1844. John C. Cobbs had owned $6,400 in real estate and $5,450 in personal property (including slaves) in 1860; in 1870, the real estate was valued at $1,820 and personal property at $769. His wife became insane when their children ranged in age from six to twenty years old; he would declare bankruptcy four years after the Panic of 1873 and resulting depression. However, the family did not lose the real estate until World War I, possibly because neighbors were in similarly difficult circumstances and fellow Episcopalian and lawyer Martin Parks Burks had set up a trust and was commissioner of accounts.</p><br>
<h2>Locust Hill</h2><br>
<p>The house was extensively renovated in 1932, after its purchase by John Capron, a colonial history enthusiast who renamed it "Locust Hill". The renovations reflected his preferred "Williamsburg style", now considered more formal than authentic for the Piedmont locale. He mentioned it as "from an earlier era" in a book he published for the Lynchburg sesquicentennial in 1936. A garage, barn, guest house, and tenant house were also erected during the Capron era.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Montview, also known as the Carter Glass Estate, is a historic home located on the Liberty University campus at Lynchburg, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Then newly elected Senator Carter Glass, who had lived in downtown Lynchburg for many years in a house constructed a century earlier, directed this house&#39;s construction and moved in in 1923. It remained his official residence until his death in 1946. Although Senator Glass took his final oath of office on the glass-enclosed porch at Montview in 1943 and his funeral service was held on this estate, he physically lived his last years (and died) at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The property is now 1.7 acre in extent with a -story main house, which has a gambrel-roofed, fieldstone central block, flanked by -story wings; and servant&#39;s quarters. Glass had an extensive library here, and also owned prize Jersey cattle. The current yard includes trees Glass planted; he also had operated a 300-acre dairy farm on his surrounding estate. Rev. Jerry Falwell used the home as his personal office and died at his desk; the graves of Falwell and his wife are located on the front lawn of the home.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The First Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church building at 75 Walnut Street in Clinton, Massachusetts. It is an L-shaped stone and stucco structure, two stories in height, with a steeply pitched slate roof. The ground floor is finished in uncoursed fieldstone. One entrance is set recessed behind a segmented stone arch at the southern end of the main facade, with a second entrance at the projecting gable at the northern end. The church was designed by Woodbury and Stuart of Boston, and construction of the building was begun in 1927 for a congregation established in 1830. The complete plan for the building was never realized due to a lack of funding, and only the community center and rectory were completed. These were used by the congregation, the community center space acting as sanctuary, until the 1980s. The building was rehabilitated in 1988, and how houses two residences and office space.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Richard Starcke House is a historic house located at 703 Main Street, Bastrop, Texas, United States. The house was built in 1913 by Richard Starcke, a prominent Bastrop businessman, for himself and his wife Mary.</p><br>
<p>The house is a clapboard covered modified American Foursquare design with some Victorian architecture, American Craftsman and Prairie School elements incorporated.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, Richard died. Mary remained in the home. Upon her death in 1961, the house passed through several owners and, in 1966, into bank foreclosure. The house was purchased at auction by Lt. Col. Johnnie Zinn and Ernestine Moncure Zinn. The house served as the Zinn&#39;s home until 1987 and entered the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Carla and Chris Dickson subsequently purchased the house in 1994 and operated "The Colony Bed and Breakfast" until the death of Mrs. Dickson in 2005. Julie Hart and Paula Pate purchased the house in 2007 and reopened it in May, 2008 as the "Magnolia Inn Bed and Breakfast".</p><br>
<p>The Āinapō Trail was the primary route to the summit of Mauna Loa from prehistory to 1916. The trail began on the southeast flank at 2000 feet of elevation and reached Mokuaweoweo, the summit crater, at 13,200 ft. It was sometimes called Menzies Trail after Archibald Menzies who was the first recorded outsider to climb the mountain in 1794.</p><br>
<p>The Ainapo Trail was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 30, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>This 35-mile (55 km) route from the small community of Kapapala (near present-day Pahala) had been used in Ancient Hawaii to make offerings to Pele during eruptions. The name comes from āina pō in the Hawaiian language which means "darkened land", due to heavy clouds at the mid-elevation sections. At higher elevations above the clouds, the landscape is dry and barren lava rock. The climb is from about 2,000 ft at Kapapala to above 13,200 ft at the summit of Mokuaweoweo.</p><br>
<p>The trail was furnished with camps which provided rest areas and an opportunity to acclimate to the increasing altitude. The camps consisted of temporary huts, or rock shelters, one of which was in a lava tube. In areas where the trail was hard to discern, rock cairns marked the way, placed to be visible along the skyline as travelers moved upwards.</p><br>
<p>In 1794, Archibald Menzies, a naturalist on the Vancouver Expedition, used the trail and about 100 Hawaiian porters to reach the summit and measure its elevation with a barometer.</p><br>
<p>Lieutenant Charles Wilkes of the 1840 United States Exploring Expedition first attempted to use a shorter route, but resorted to the Ainapo trail after making much slower progress than he planned in his trip to the summit.</p><br>
<p>The trail was widened in 1870 and again in 1913 when horses and mules started bringing more visitors to the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Decline and revival</h2><br>
<p>In 1915 the United States Army built a new trail directly from Kilauea Crater to Mokuaweoweo which was maintained by the National Park Service when the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park was formed in 1916. The historic route fell into disuse since the lower elevations covered private land used for ranching and farming.</p><br>
<p>Today, only the section of about 11 mi above 11,650 ft remains in its original condition.</p><br>
<p>The 200 ft on either side of the trail in this area was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 30, 1974, as site 74000290 and is state historic site 10-52-5501.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1990s a modern shelter was built at a historic camp site at an elevation of 7,750 ft.</p><br>
<p>The lower area of Kapapala is now a private ranch, although hunting and camping can be arranged. Modern trails can now be taken from a trailhead on Ainapo road north of Hawaii Belt Road at coordinates 19&deg;20&prime;18&Prime;N latitude, 155&deg;23&prime;43&Prime;W longitude, through the Kapapala State Forest Reserve, to the historic section of the Ainapo trail, all the way to the summit.</p><br>
<p>Villines Mill, also known as Boxley Mill or Whiteley Mill, was originally built around 1840 by Abner Casey in the Buffalo River valley, in what is now known as the Buffalo National River. After becoming known as Whiteley Mill, the mill was at the center of a Civil War skirmish known as the Battle of Whiteley&#39;s Mill. The mill was rebuilt in 1870 and replaced with a larger mill, becoming known as Villines Mill after the new owner. After three generations of Villines, the mill closed in the 1960s. The mill is included in the Big Buffalo Valley Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Woodland Historic District is a historic district in Woodland, California. The district encompasses roughly 370 acre and 59 contributing buildings. It is a California Historical Landmark and is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Historic district contributing properties include:</p><br>
<p>Hotel Woodland</p><br>
<p>Porter Building</p><br>
<p>Woodland Opera House</p><br>
<p>Woodland Public Library</p><br>
<p>Lynch&#39;s Brickyard House is a historic home located at Lynchburg, Virginia. It consists of a dwelling built about 1849 and two garages built about 1922, all of which are constructed directly on the lot line along Jackson Street. The dwelling is a one-story, three-bay frame structure with a stone pier foundation, weatherboard siding, and metal gable roof with exterior-end chimneys. The house is a rare surviving example of the modest, vernacular-style dwellings built in Lynchburg in the mid 19th century by artisans, tradesmen and other middle-class settlers.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Miller House is a historic home located at Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. It is associated with Samuel Miller , a successful businessman and investor who was among the wealthiest men in the South during the years preceding the American Civil War. It is a large frame house erected between 1826 and 1829, and expanded and modified numerous times through the 20th century. Outbuildings consist of a cottage, stable, woodshed, and garage. The surrounding property was contested terrain during the siege of Lynchburg , when a cavalry skirmish occurred on the property.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Miller–Claytor House is a historic home located at Riverside Park in Lynchburg, Virginia. It is a two-story, white framed structure, sheathed with beaded weatherboards. It is believed to be the fourth house erected in the new town in 1791, and is probably the oldest extant Lynchburg dwelling. In 1936, the imminent demolition of the house led to the formation of the Lynchburg Historical Society and the subsequent removal of the house to its present site.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The El Tovar Apartments is an apartment building located at 320 East Grand Boulevard in Detroit, Michigan, in the East Grand Boulevard Historic District. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Often attributed to the firm of Wiedmaier & Gay, the December 6, 1928, edition of the Detroit Free Press lists Robert J. West as the architect of the building. The El Tovar Apartment building is an excellent example of Spanish Moorish/Art Deco style. constructed from orange brick with limestone trim, orange terra cotta accents, and a Spanish tile roof. The entrance is within the center pavilion, reached by a sidewalk flanked by carved lion figures. The name El Tovar is carved on a scroll above the entrance. Minaret-like towers project from the gabled roof, and there are arched openings at the corners of the front façade, chimney stack-like projections, pseudo-flying buttresses, and stylized crenellations.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1928, the apartment building represents a significant change in Detroit from low density to higher density housing. In 1988, the Messiah Housing Corporation purchased the building; they rehabilitated the apartments and opened them for Section 8 housing in 1992. Messiah Housing also owns the nearby Saint Paul Manor Apartments and Kingston Arms Apartments.</p><br>
<p>Buffalo River State Park was an Arkansas state park, established in 1938, that was absorbed into Buffalo National River when the Federal park was established in 1972. The area is now known as Buffalo Point. The new state park was developed with Civilian Conservation Corps labor in 1939 with the construction of park structures to plans from the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs. The CCC structures now comprise a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>One park highlight is a 3-mile trail. The Indian Rockhouse Trail is wonderfully scenic with many great points of interest including sculpted bedrock, a waterfall, a former zinc mine, and the Indian Rockhouse Cave.</p><br>
<p>The congregation of Immanuel Lutheran Church in Valparaiso, Indiana, was founded in 1862 by 69 German families. The church building was erected in 1891 by Henry Lemster and his son, Charles. A fire gutted the building in 1975, marks of which can still be seen on the altar and pews. The Immanuel Lutheran congregation moved to a new site on Glendale Boulevard, while 60 members formed a new congregation named Heritage Lutheran Church and restored the historic building.</p><br>
<p>An undated old photo shows a taller steeple and a two-story parsonage adjacent to the parish hall, which is no longer extant. A photo from the courthouse tower northward, c. 1900, shows the taller steeple on the church.</p><br>
<p>The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Immanuel Lutheran School</h2><br>
<h3>Immanuel Lutheran School</h3><br>
<p>Immanuel Lutheran School, located on Monticello Park Drive and Glendale Boulevard, was founded in 1891. It is partnered with the new Immanuel Lutheran Church. Immanuel is a member of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod and claims to have education which is "grounded in faith and inspired towards excellence". With a goal of teaching a new generation of Lutherans in education, faith, and service, Immanuel&#39;s education spans kindergarten through 8th grade. Throughout the last 20 years, Immanuel has made investments and improvements aimed at creating a better learning environment for kids. This includes its special education program, which directs its focus to children in kindergarten through eighth grade with special learning needs and disabilities such as autism and asthma.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>The Loring Residence and Clinic was the first facility built to provide medical services to Valparaiso, Indiana. The residence has continued to provide for public service through its current use by the Valparaiso Womans Club. Dr. Loring used his home as his medical office until his death in 1914. It was Lorings initial efforts that brought medical care to the county and provided for the first hospital. Although private, it became the county&#39;s first public hospital when Loring sold the building in 1906 to build his home and clinic.</p><br>
<p>Loring was a physician and surgeon. He was vice president of the Indiana State Medical Association and founder of the Porter County Medical Society.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Loring Movied to Valparaiso in 1882 after studying and practicing medicine at Rush Medical College in Chicago, Bellevue Hospital in New York and in Cincinnati. He originally moved to Francesville before settling in Valparaiso. Dr. Loring first opened a clinic and residence at the southwest corner of Jefferson Street and Michigan Street. In 1905, he decided to build a new clinic west on Jefferson on the northeast corner with Washington Street. Dr. Loring built his home in 1906 from the proceeds of the sale of his private hospital to the Valparaiso Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) for $13,000. His home was designed and built by local architect and builder Charles Lembke. When Dr. Loring died in 1914, his Washington Street home and office was sold to Dr. J. R. Pagin, who sold it to the Elks Club in 1924. The Elks own building had burned that year. The Elks decided within the year to rebuild on their own site. They resold the house the same year to the Woman&#39;s Club for $30,000. It was dedicated to Sarah Porter Kinsey on September 21, 1925. They paid off the mortgage and celebrated on December 1, 1939. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The property is located at the corner of Jefferson and Lafayette streets in Valparaiso, Indiana, one block north of the County Courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>Valparaiso Women&#39;s Club</h2><br>
<p>The Womans Club (founded in 1895) was a literary and social group. First known as the Ladies Reading Circle. They started a public library through book collections and gave the first $25 towards a lot for the Carnegie Library. The club was later called the Harriet Beecher Stowe Reading Circle (1896) and then the Harriet Beecher Stowe Club. In 1904 they became the Valparaiso Womans Club, affiliated with the Indiana Federation of Clubs and the General Federation of Clubs.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed with the clinic in the basement and private living quarters on the upper floors. If a patient we not well enough to go home, they would be treated in a room on the upper floors for a few days. This two and a half-story, brick structure is located on a corner lot in Valparaiso&#39;s downtown. The Colonial Revival building has a hipped roof with three gabled dormers, a projecting gable, and a flat-roofed veranda, which extends across the front and most of the south side of the building.</p><br>
<p>The main facade faces west. The basement level is covered with rock-faced stone, which continues around the exterior. The basement has a number of simple, double hung sash windows, with entries on the main and south facades providing direct access to the basement level.</p><br>
<p>The main level of the front facade is three bays wide and sheltered by the veranda. Round white columns with Corinthian capitals support the veranda roof. A black wrought iron railing (not original) runs along the edges of the veranda.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is accessed by stone steps, which have wrought iron handrails and a center railing. It is located in the center bay of the main facade and consists of a wooden door with upper light. The door is flanked by paired Corinthian columns and pilasters situated on a pedestal, supporting an elaborate entablature. All are made of carved limestone. A large rectangular window with a transom of beveled leaded glass is located on each side of the doorway. Each window has a limestone, keystoned lintel and sill. All windows on the first level are of this design. All windows on the structure have been covered by aluminum storm windows.</p><br>
<p>On the second level there are two large, rectangular windows that are similar to the first level windows except for the absence of keystone lintels. A wide wood cornice is located above the windows and extends around the exterior.</p><br>
<p>The south facade is five bays wide on the main level. It also faces the street and is similar to the main facade. The veranda extends about two-thirds of the way across the exterior and shelters an entry similar to the main entry. Narrow windows frame the doorway.</p><br>
<p>A large window is located on the west end of the facade and a smaller window on the east end. On the second level, three large windows are aligned with the entry and end windows below. Of simple design, the north facade has a projecting center bay.</p><br>
<p>The east rear facade has a service porch sheltered by a roof, which is supported by four round columns with Corinthian capitals; two are engaged columns.</p><br>
<p>The hip roof is clad in red tile. The Woman&#39;s Club restored the original red tile roof, which had been replaced by an asphalt roof. The roof has a dormer on all but the north side, which was a gabled projection. Each dormer, finished with wood, fish-scale siding has a triple window design highlighted by a carved wood rising sun over the center window, Suggesting Palladian proportions. A red tile gable roof tops each dormer and has a classics roof return on which the red tile rests. An interior brick chimney is offset on the east end of the roof ridge.</p><br>
<p>DLR&C 102 Washington PA010036.jpgJefferson (south facade) (Dr. Loring Residence and Clinic), Valparaiso, Indiana</p><br>
<p>DLR&C 102 Washington PA010043.jpgMain Entrance, (Dr. Loring Residence and Clinic), Valparaiso, Indiana</p><br>
<p>DLR&C North facade P3150021.jpgNorth Face, (Dr. Loring Residence and Clinic), Valparaiso, Indiana</p><br>
<p>The Porter County Memorial Hall, also known as Memorial Opera House, is an historic Grand Army of the Republic memorial hall located in Valparaiso, Indiana. It was the meeting place of Chaplain Brown GAR Post No. 106, one of 592 GAR posts in Indiana. Designed in 1892 by a local architect, Charles F. Lembke., using Romanesque styling, it was built in 1892–3 to seat 100 people. It was also used as the local opera house.</p><br>
<p>Local legend says that Wm Jennings Bryan spoke at the hall during the 1896 presidential campaign. Others who have been to the hall include Theodore Roosevelt, John Phillips Sousa, Marx Brothers. Decline began with the advent of the movies, for which it was converted. By the time of World War II it was an abandoned building. Beginning in 1955, the Community Theatre Guild leased the property and began maintaining it once again for theater productions, continuing to do so under a lease agreement with Porter County until the county again took full possession in the late 1990s to facilitate structural renovation and restoration. The Board of Commissioners for Porter County, who manage and maintain the structure, restored the hall in 1998, and established a new community theatre troupe and public management for touring productions, allowing the building to continue to be used as a theatrical and assembly facility as originally intended.</p><br>
<p>The Memorial Opera House is located at 104 Indiana Avenue just east of the historic Porter County Jail and Sheriff&#39;s House. At the time of construction, Indiana Avenue was called Mechanics Street. The Opera House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It was restored in 1998.Today, the Memorial Theatre Company produces six theatrical performances each year and host community concerts and other events. p</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The 1893 Memorial Opera House is "eclectic" in its styling, with the details, symmetry, and size associated with the Queen Anne style. Additional influences are seen in the broad entrance arches and side windows. This may reflect the influence of Louis Sullivan or H. H. Richardson, both active in nearby Chicago during this time.</p><br>
<p>The main facade features a projecting, two-story central bay, with a jerkin-head gable. The ground floor of the bay is occupied by a broad, low-springing arch, formed by seven header courses of brick with rock-face limestone springers. The main entrance consists of two pairs of multi-light doors. Eight radiating lights fill the tympanum.</p><br>
<p>Above the entrance is a recessed panel on a stone sill with the inscription, "1883, Memorial Hall, A monument to the Soldiers and Sailors of 1861-5." Above the dedication stone is a limestone sill and a fanlight with clear and stained glass set in a seven-course brick arch. A coved verge board outlines the edge of the jerkin-head gable, and is decorated by rosettes.</p><br>
<p>On both sides of the central bay there are a single bay. At ground level, the windows are segmentally arched double-hung, with stone sills level with the springers of the central arch. Above, the double-hung windows have stone sills, and a stone belt course, serving as the lintels. A parapet with rounded "shoulders," on a stone cornice of corbelled brick.</p><br>
<p>Two round towers frame the main facade. Rectangular windows have a stringcourse forming the sills, in line-with the central arch springers. A rock-faced belt course forming the lintels. Decorative brick detailing above the windows forms a foundation for a floriated frieze, with a modillioned cornice.</p><br>
<p>Two-story structure has a pitched roof, interrupted by hipped roofs over projecting bays. Round-arched windows on each side, replicate the main façade. Shallow buttresses, interrupt the wall surface</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The interior retains the orchestra pit and side boxes. The boxes are framed by turned posts, and the appliqué decorated railings. Latticework, similar to that used in Queen Anne houses, connects the posts across the top. A new floor with modern seating was installed in 1967, along with improvements to the orchestra pit. The improvement cost about $250,000.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The idea of building a memorial hall was started by the Chaplain Brown Post of the Grand Army of the Republic. They held a public subscription drive to secure the funds. The county Commissioners provided a lot and additional funds. Once open in 1893, the G.A.R. held patriotic rallies, concerts, and lectures in the building, but were unable to cover the Post&#39;s debts and operating costs. In 1901 the County assumed the debts and control of the building.</p><br>
<p>In 1901, the building was leased to Albert F. Heineman. He provided brought in entertains for the city, including minstrel troupes, traveling theatrical companies, political figures, and vaudeville. William Jennings Bryan is said to have given his "Cross of Gold and Crown of Thorns" speech here, two years before the Chicago nominating convention in 1896, and Theodore Roosevelt appeared in 1900, while campaigning William McKinley as the vice presidential nominee.</p><br>
<p>Live performances were the mainstay at the Opera House until the 1920s. Then, movies began to compete with and soon replace live performances. Some films and performances by local groups shared the stage during the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. The Opera House was vacant as much as it was in use. In the 1950s demolition was being considered. In 1957 the Community Theatre Guild was formed with the express purpose the renovation and preservation of the Opera House.</p><br>
<p>The Guild arranged a lease from the County Commissioners, and began making repairs and creating a stage for local talent. Work peaked in 1967, when a $250,000 renovation project was undertaken. The Guild continues to operate at the nearby Chicago Street Theatre, located several blocks north of the Opera House, but vacated the Opera House in the mid-1990s when a multi-million dollar renovation and restoration was undertaken by the county. The building itself skillfully combines elements typical of the 1890s into a gracious composition most easily described as Queen Anne. The building has remained remarkably intact, providing an excellent example of this type of facility from the Victorian era.</p><br>
<p>OH Front Door PC120028.jpgEntrance arch</p><br>
<p>OH P2030020 Fan Light.jpgDedication stone</p><br>
<p>OH A Monument stone P2030025 front gable.jpgJerkin-gable and fan light</p><br>
<p>OH NE view 2-26-14 075.jpgEast façade</p><br>
<p>OH P2030020 West tower.jpgNorthwest turret</p><br>
<p>Memorial opera house front.jpgFront view</p><br>
<p>ValparaisoIndiana-MemorialOperaHouse-1918-SS.jpg1918 View</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Hahn, Anthony Wayne. A History of the Porter County Memorial Opera House; an unpublished research report, 1971.</p><br>
<p>Vidette-Messenger, March 25, 1960.</p><br>
<p>Post Tribune, December 26, 1982, and December 9, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Point of Honor is an historic home, now a city museum, located in Lynchburg, Virginia. The property has commanding views of the city and the James River. Its name originated due to the land on which it is built being used as a clandestine dueling ground.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Its builder and designer, Dr. George Cabell, was a friend of Thomas Jefferson, and physician to Patrick Henry. Before building the house, he purchased 856 acres of land including Daniel&#39;s Island, Treasure Island and Woodruff Island from Lewellen Jones, who had bought it from Christopher Lynch, son of Quaker patriot Charles Lynch (1736–1796) and nephew of John Lynch, who started the ferry for which the city is named.</p><br>
<p>After Cabell died of complications after falling off a horse in 1823, and his widow died three years later, it passed to William Lewis Cabell, who may have leased it to the Langhorne family (as discussed below), before he and his wife Eliza Daniel died of tuberculosis in 1830. It was inherited by her father, Judge William Daniel (delegate to the Virginia general assembly 1798–1799). When he too died in 1839, it passed to his son William Daniel Jr. (Eliza&#39;s brother and also the father of United States Senator John Warwick Daniel, "the Lame Lion of Lynchburg.")</p><br>
<p>David P. Payne bought the house in two acres of land in 1848, and in 1857 sold it back to Daniel, who sold it to Colonel Robert L. Owen Sr., who was President of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, and whose son Robert Latham Owen Jr. later became a United States Senator. Owen ran the railroad during the American Civil War, and became a state senator immediately afterward, but resigned his post because he opposed consolidating this railroad with others acquired by William Mahone. Owen died a financially ruined man in 1873, the same year the merged railroad went bankrupt, and the family mansion again changed hands.</p><br>
<p>At two different times in the 19th century, members of the Langhorne family owned Point of Honor. Henry Langhorne, who owned the Langhorne Mills in Lynchburg, purchased it in 1828. Later, but still before the war, John S. Langhorne held the residence. His eldest son Chiswell Langhorne became a wealthy industrialist, and daughter Elizabeth Langhorne Lewis was a prominent suffragette. John S. Langhorne&#39;s granddaughters included Mrs. Charles Dana Gibson (the original Gibson Girl), and Nancy Langhorne, Viscountess Lady Astor (the first woman elected to the British Parliament).</p><br>
<p>By 1878 it was owned by L.E. Lichford, a grocery wholesaler who also had a warehouse nearby. Three generations of the family owned the property, during which time the surrounding area developed. James R. Gilliam Jr. bought the house in 1928 and deeded it to the City of Lynchburg, which used part of the property as a recreation center until the Historical Foundation received the deed in 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The irregularly shaped two-story Federal mansion is built of stuccoed brick. The facade is composed of a three-bay center section flanked by two octagonal ended projections. Construction was started in 1806, and completed in 1815. It was renovated about two decades later, with wallpaper and stucco added, and perhaps a porch which was removed during the 1977 restoration.</p><br>
<p>It bears a strong relationship to the Hancock-Wirt-Caskie House in Richmond, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and opened as a public museum in 1978.</p><br>
<h3>Historic American Buildings Survey photographs</h3><br>
